Hirya no hino mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru n’Intara y’Iburasirazuba, usanga mu mirima myinshi harimejeje ikimera cyitwa Rwiziringa, abantu benshi bakunda kwita ‘Trente six oiseaux’ n’andi mazina atandukanye.
Iyo uganiriye na ba nyiri ubwo butaka usanga icyo kimera batazi byinshi kuri cyo ariko bakakubwira bati “turagitinya kuko kigarika ingogo.” Kwizera Gaspard ni umwe mu baganiriye n’umunyamakuru wa Imbarutso.com ndetse na Ijwi Tv, yagize ati: “Rwiziringa turayizi ni ikimera kibi cyane ndetse kirica.” Bwana Kwizera akomeza atunyuriramo amateka ko kera bagikoreshaga nk’inkwi bagiye kuragira inka.
Akomeza ati: “Hari igihe twajyaga kuragira kure maze twasonza tukajumbura ibirayi maze tukabyokesha Rwiziringa, kuko zabaga zihari ku bwinshi, bityo tukazikoresha nk’inkwi. Igitangaje nuko twamaraga kurya bya birayi maze tukisanga turi kurwana ariko ntitumenye icyo dupfuye. Nyuma twaje kumenya ko byabaga byatewe na Rwiziringa.”
Umwe mu rubyiruko wifuje ko umwirondoro we ugirwa ibanga, yabwiye Imbarutso.com na Ijwi Tv ko yigeze gukoresha Rwiziringa kugira ngo asinde adakoresheje amafaranga menshi ariko bikarangira bimuviriyemo guta ubwenge amasaha umunani.
Yagize ati:“Rwiziringa narayihabutse, abantu bigeze kunshuka ngo niba ntafite amafaranga nkaba nshaka kujya mu bizunga nkoresha Rwiziringa. Nafashe shikarete maze nshiramo utubuto dutanu twa Rwiziinga mpekenya nk’inshuro 5 gusa maze sinamenya igihe nasinziriye.” Yakomeje atubwira ko mu gihe yari asinziriye ariko ubwonko bwo bwkomeje gukora ari nako abona ibintu bidasanzwe.
Ati: “Nubwo numvaga nasinziriye ariko numvaga meze nk’umuntu uryamye mu cyobo kinini kirimo umwijima uteye ubwoba, maze nkumva n’injereri ziri gusakuza ariko nagira ngo mbumbure amaso bikananira. Nakomeje kuryama aho nari nagiye guhinga mu kabande ariko nka saa 18:00 nicura mbona abantu bampagaze hejuru bari kurira.
Mama yariraga arikubaza ngo ni bande bamurogeye umwana ariko njye ururimi ntirwashoboraga kuva mu kanwa ngo musobanurire uko byagenze. Nagaruye ubwenge byateje amakimbirane mu miryango babeshyeye umugore duturanye wari wampaye urwagwa nimugoroba ngo yandoze ariko nkibyuka nabasobanuriye uko byagenze basabana imbabazi.”
Rwiziringa irenze uko bayivuga kuko Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yayishize ku rutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye
Abantu bose baganiriye n’umunyamakuru wa Imbarutso.com na Ijwi Tv ntawabashije kumenya ko Rwiziringa ari ikiyobyabwenge ndetse gikomeye, mu gihe Iteka rya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima No 001/MoH/2019 ryo Ku wa 04/03/2019 ryo Ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ryashize ikimera cyitwa Rwiziringa mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye, aho “umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko aba akoze icyaha.”
“Ku biyobyabwenge bikomeye, birimo na Rwiziringa, iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15,000,000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 FRW).
Ubundi iyi Rwiziringa yaciye igikuba mu bantu ni ikimera bwoko ki?
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza Nkuru ya Leta ya IOWA, IOWA State University, Ishuri ry’Ubuhinzi n’Ubumenyi bushingiye ku buzima, Cornell CALS, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, riherereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe bwa Amerika, bwagaragaje ko Rwiziringa, ifite izi rya siyansi rizwi nka Datura Stramonium, yahimbwe n’umushakashatsi witwa Carl Linnaeus mu 1753, mu gitabo yise ‘Species Plantarum’.
Izina Datura ryaturutse ku ijambo ry’ururimi rw’Igihindu, dhathura, risobanura ikimera. Stramonium ryo ryaturutse mu rurimi rw’Ikigereki risobanura mad, ugenekereje mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda wavuga ko ari ibisazi. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibice byose bya Rwiziringa ari uburozi, yaba amababi ndetse n’imbuto zayo. Icyakora ngo abantu benshi ntibakunze kugikoresha kubera ko ngo iki kimera kinuka cyane ndetse kikanabiha.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hari igihe kandi amatungo ashonje cyane akirya maze akarwara cyane, gusa ngo iki kimera ni kibi ku buzima bw’abantu cyane ugereranyije n’amatungo. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ubu bushakashatsi kandi ngo Rwiziringa ifite ikinyabutabire gifite uburozi, bwitwa alkaloids, aho ngo ikimera kimwe gishobora kugira iki kinyabutabire cya alkaloids ya 0.7%. Muri cyo haba harimo uburozi bw’ibinyabutabire bwitwa atropine, hyoscine (bakunze kwita scopolamine), ndetse n’ubundi burozi bwitwa hyoscyamine.
Rwiziringa yigeze kuroga abasirikare
Mu mwaka w’1676 , abasirikare b’Abongereza boherejwe guhagarika imyigaragambyo yari iyobowe na Bacon, muri Leta ya Virginia. Muri icyo gihe ngo bashyize Rwiziringa muri salade yabo maze ngo bituma batakaza ubwenge. Nkuko byanditswe mu gitabo cya Robert Beverly cyitwa: “History and Present State of Virginia, ngo abo basirikare bakoraga ibikorwa bimeze nk’iby’abasazi, birimo gutora amababa y’inyoni bakayahuhira mu kirere, barasomana ndetse ngo bamwe baragiye biyambura imyenda bicara ahantu mu nguni bambaye ubusa ngo bakajya bigana ibikorwa bisekeje nk’iby’inkende. Ngo ibi byatumye aba basirikare bajyanwa ahantu hiherereye mu gihe kingana n’iminsi 11 kugeza ngo basubiye ibuntu. Icyakora igitangaje ngo nuko muri bo ntawamenye ibyabaye n’umwe.
Mu muco nyarwanda ngo Rwiziringa yakoreshwaga mu buvuzi gakondo no mu muhango wo gushora abarozi
Mu kiganiro umunyamakuru wa Imbarutso.com na Ijwi Tv yagiranye n’umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Abavuzi Gakondo mu Rwanda, akaba n’umuyobozi wa koperative Zirumuze, Muganga Nyakarundi Samuel yatangaje ko Rwiziringa yakoreshwaga mu buvuzi gakondo. Nyakarundi Samuel ufite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu Ishami ry’Ubuzima Rusange, akaba yaranakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi buvuga ku kamaro k’ibimera ku buzima bw’abantu.
Yagize ati: “Rwiziringa ni ikimera cyera mu bihugu bitandukanye ariko no mu Rwanda kirahera. Ni ikimera kitaba kire kire cyane cyangwa ngo kigire uruti rukomeye cyane, ariko kikagira amababi magari yisanzuye. Ni icyatsi gifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi kandi gifite amateka no mu muco nyarwanda.” Yakomeje asobanura ko iki kimera gishobora kuba umuti cyangwa kiba uburozi.
Yagize ati:“Iki kimera by’umwihariko gikora ku rwego rw’ubwonko muri rusange. Gishobora kwangiza ubwonko cyangwa se kigakiza ubwonko bitewe n’ingano ya doze wakoresheje. Nko mu mateka y’u Rwanda, kera hari ibyo bitaga gushora. Ku batazi gushora byari ukuvuga ngo wenda mu rusisiro habagamo umuntu ufite ingeso yo kuroga, akica abana, akica abakuru ariko kubera ko atafashwe abantu bakabura aho bahera bamufata ngo aryozwe ibyo yakoze. Icyo bakoraga ni iki rero?”
“Bakoraga ibyo bita gushora. Gushora ni ugushaka umwanzi uri mu mudugudu, uri mu rusisiro. Kubera ko mu mateka ya Rwiziringa yagiye yica abantu benshi, kubera ko ari kimwe mu biyobyabwenge bikomeye, dore ko igera ku bwonko ikabutera umwuma kuburyo ishobora no gutuma buhagarara bukareka gukora. Rero kubera ko abantu bajyaga babikoresha bakabona ubwenge buri kugenda buyoba buhoro buhoro abasaza b’inararibonye mu mudugudu bize uko bashobora kuyikoresha”.
Akomeza agira ati:“Bagiye inama yo kujya bafata ingano nto cyane (doze) ya Rwiziringa maze abo twakwita abiru b’umudugudu bagafata amazi bakavuga ko bayashyizemo umuti wo gushora umurozi bityo bakagenda basomya abatuye muri uwo mudugudu, buri umwe uko asomye kuri uwo muti amazi asigaye mu gikombe bakayamena , bityo bityo. Igitangaje nuko uwo bakeka ko ari umurozi mu gikombe cye bashyiragamo ka Rwiziringa gake mu mazi, ku buryo kadashobora kumwica ariko karahindura intekerezo ze.”
“Uwo twakwita umwiru yavugaga ko ikimenyetso kiragaragaza umurozi ari uko atatangira guteshagurika no guta ubwenge. Hashiraga igihe gito maze wawundi bahaye Rwiziringa agatangira gukurura ingutiya, agatangira kwishima mu mutwe, agatangira kurondogora yibaza ibibazo, noneho abandi bagatangira kuryana inzara bati umurozi nguriya. Byarangiraga banzuye ko ari umurozi. Maze bakajya kumutwika. Abiru b’urusisiro babikaga iryo banga kugeza bapfuye.”
Polisi y’u Rwanda ivuga iki ku kiyobyabwenge cya Rwiziringa?
Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, ACP Boniface Rutikanga yabwiye umunyamakuru wa Imbarutso.com na Ijwi Tv ko Rwiziringa koko ari ikiyobyabwenge gikaze ndetse anasaba abanyarwanda bose kukigendera kure.
Yagize ati: “Ni koko kiriya cyatsi cya Rwiziringa kiri mubyashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge. Ariko ikigaragara dukurikije uko cyagiye gikora muri bacye cyane bagikoresheje, ntabwo kiyobya ubwenge gusa ahubwo kirica. Nagerageje kubaza ababishinzwe barambwira ngo ahubwo si ikiyobya ahubwo ni icyica. Ikiyobya ni cya kindi abantu banywa bakarwana cyangwa bakagira amahane ariko kiriya cyo kirica kandi ngo n’uwakigerageje ntajya asubira inyuma.Ya hayi baba bashaka usanga itabonetse ahubwo bikarangira kibangirije ubuzima.”
ACP Boniface Rutikanga yavuze ko kugeza ubu polisi y’u Rwanda idafite ibirego by’abantu bakoresha Rwiziringa kuko ngo abantu bayitinya cyane.
Yakomeje agira ati: “Kugeza ubu ngubu nta cas dufite z’abantu bagikoresha kuko baragitinya cyane. Kugeza ubu twagira inama abantu yo gukomeza kucyirinda kuko n’ugikoresheje ni kwakundi abantu bashukana ngo gerageza kiriya kintu urebe, bimwe by’urugomo, ariko nta muntu uragerageza kugifata ngo agicuruze cyangwa ngo agikoreshe nk’uko ibindi biyobyabwenge bikoreshwa. Ni icyatsi kibi cyane kuko ugifashe ntikimugwa neza. Ariko twebwe nk’igipolisi cy’u Rwanda nta mibare dufite cyangwa case y’abantu bagikoresha nk’uko urumogi cyangwa Mugo bikoreshwa ngo bahungabanye umutekano. Mbese turakangurira abantu kucyirinda kuko harimo ingaruka mbi, harimo n’urupfu.
Polisi y’u Rwanda igiye gukorana n’izindi nzego kugira ngo Rwiziringa ukurwe mu bantu
ACP Boniface Rutikanga yakomeje avuga ko Polisi y’u Rwanda igiye gukorana n’izindi nzego, zirimo Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu kugira ngo barebe icyakorwa kugira ngo Rwiziringa irandurwe cyangwa harebwe igikwiye gukorwa kugira ngo itazangiza abantu.
Yagize ati:“Polisi burya ntabwo ari itangiriro n’iherezo muri ibi bintu, ujye umenya ko hazamo inzego z’ibanze, Minaloc, Minisante, hazamo n’ibindi bigo birenze twebwe. Hari uburyo ibyatsi byimeza bicibwa bikagenda, ubwo rero kuri twebwe ni ugukorana n’izindi nzego tukabamenyesha impungenge dufite bakamenya icyo babikoraho.”
Mu mwaka wa 2019 nibwo Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yashyize ikimera cyitwa Rwiziringa ku rutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye, nyuma y’uko bigaragaye ko hari bamwe mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane abanyeshuri. Abagikoreshaga ngo bajyanwaga kwa muganga ngo bikagaragara ko babaga bayobye ubwenge.
Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB igaragaza ko mu 2018/19 abakurikiranyweho iki cyaha bari 6067, mu 2019/2020 iyi mibare yarazamutse igera kuri 6759. Mu 2020/2021 abakurikiranywe bagabanutseho gato bagera kuri 5733. Umwaka wa 2021/2022 aba bantu bongere kuzamuka kuko hafashwe 6608.
Muri aba bose, abafashwe bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bageraga kuri 744 bangana na 3%; abari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 30 bari 14.765, bangana na 58,7%; abakurkiranywe bari hejuru y’imyaka 30 bo bari 9658 bangana na 38,4%.
Muri rusange abagore bari 3732 bahwanye na 14,8% naho abagabo bari 21.435 bangana na 85,2%.
Intara y’Iburasirazuba niyo iza ku isonga mu kugaragaramo abantu bakoze iki cyaha kuko abahafatiwe bose bangana 7122 (bangana na 28,3%), Ikurikirwa n’Umujyi wa Kigali ufite abantu 5953 (bangana na 23,7%). Hakurikiraho Intara y’Amajyaruguru n’abantu 5675 (22,5%), ku mwanya wa kane haza Intara y’Amajyepfo ifite abantu 3486 (13,9%) hagaheruka Intara y’Uburengerazuba ifite abantu 2931 bangana na 11,6%.
Mu biyobyabwenge byafashwe harimo ibiri mu rwego ruhambaye nka cocaine, heroine n’urumogi. Hafashwe kandi ibikomeye nka mayirungi, shisha, rwiziringa na electronic cigarette. Ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje byafashwe harimo inzoga z’inkorano zitujuje ubuziranenge.
Urubyiruko ruri mu mashuri rurugarijwe
Imibare RIB yasesenguye mu myaka ine igaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge byiganje mu bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 30, biganjemo urubyiruko ruri mu mashuri.
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