Gutangiza ubucuruzi mu Rwanda ni igikorwa gishimishije muri iyi minsi. Uko ubukungu bwarwo bwiyongera n’urubyiruko rwunguka byinshi, ariko ikibazo kikaba kwigaragaza kw’abashoboye uyu mwuga n’ibyo bakwirinda ngo badatakaza isoko.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa EPRN Rwanda bubivuga, hafi 50% y’ibigo bishya mu Rwanda ntibirenza imyaka itanu bitarahirima. Biterwa n’iki?
Isoko ry’u Rwanda riraguka kandi rihindagurika vuba, bityo amakuru mashya yimbitse ku isoko akaba kimwe mu bikenewe byabukomeza.
Abacuruzi benshi binjira mu bucuruzi babwishimiye ariko ntibatekereze kabiri ku bakiliya babo n’uburyo bafatwa.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko 40% by’ibigo bipfa kubera kutagira isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byabyo no kudasobanukirwa neza ibyifuzo by’abakiliya.
Ni gute iki kibazo cyakemurwa cyangwa kikirindwa? Dore ikibitera n’uko byakosorwa:
Kwirengagiza amakuru y’isoko
Mu isi y’ubucuruzi ni ingenzi gusobanukirwa abakiliya ukeneye. Nyuma y’ibyo usabwa kumenya imyitwarire yabo no kumenya abo mukorana cyangwa ukoresha, niba koko bashoboye gutanga serivisi ikenewe n’abakiliya.
Igishoro kidahagije
Abacuruzi bakiri bashya ku isoko mu Rwanda bakunze gutungurwa no gusanga igishoro cyangwa imari y’abo idahagije. Yaba amafaranga y’intangiriro n’ingengo y’imari byabo rimwe na rimwe bibabana bike.
Bamwe mu bacuruzi bavuze ko 25% by’ibigo bishya ku masoko y’u Rwanda bihomba bitewe no kugira imari idahagije bigahuhukira ku micungire mibi y’imari.
Buri mucuruzi burya asabwa gushaka imari yihagije ku isoko, ishobora no kumara igihe kirekire.
Wakwibaza ngo ni gute imari y’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byakwiyongera? Uburyo bwakoreshwa harimo kwizigama, gufata inguzanyo y’amabanki, no gukorana n’abashoramari bakomeye.
Ibicuruzwa bihagije mu bucuruzi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byo kubugumana kandi ni icyizere cyo kuguma ku isoko uhangana n’ibihabera.
Kujya mu bucuruzi utiteguye
Benshi bajya mu bucuruzi ku mpamvu na bo ubwabo badasobanukiwe. Abacuruzi benshi batakaza amahirwe yo kuguma ku isoko kubera ko binjiye mu bucuruzi buhumyi.
Bamwe babujyamo kubera gutinya ubushomeri, kutamenya ubucuruzi bukenewe ku isoko no kutamenya kubukurikirana.
Niba uri umucuruzi w’umwuga, birababaje kuba nta nyandiko igaragaza ibikorwa byawe, ku buryo ikorerwa ubugenzuzi hagereranwa n’umusaruro wawe.
Suzuma kenshi intego zawe mu bucuruzi, sobanukirwa byinshi ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byawe, menya imikorere yawe n’uburyo yahabwa imbaraga zisumbuyeho.
Ubu bugenzuzi buhoraho ukorera ubucuruzi bwawe buzagufasha mu byemezo bifatika nubwo hatabura ibibazo byo guhangana na byo.
Kunanirwa gucunga umutungo
Kumenya gucunga umutungo ni umugisha. Bivugwa ko, uwashoboye kugenzura intekerezo ze atananirwa kugenzura ibikorwa bye cyane cyane ibimwinjiriza.
Agaciro k’ubuyobozi bw’ubucuruzi uzakabona igihe umuntu yatangije ubucuruzi kuko nta bushobozi bwo kuyobora afite, agashaka umukozi ahemba akabuyobora.
Ubucuruzi butagira umuyobozi burapfapfana. Ubuyobozi bubi ni inzitizi ikomeye ku iterambere ry’ubucuruzi.
Ubushakashatsi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) bwerekana ko kutamenya kuyobora ari ikibazo gikomeye gihirika ubucuruzi ku isoko.
Ibibazo by’imicungire n’imiyoborere y’umutungo w’ubucuruzi byangiriza ibigo bito. Ubushakashatsi bwa Kiggundu (2006) bwerekanye ko kutabika inyandiko y’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no kubura ubumenyi bwabyo bigabanya amahirwe yo kwaguka.
Abakora uyu mwuga basabwa kwihugura no kwegera abajyanama babimazemo igihe, bagakoresha itsinda rifite ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye, bashaka inama n’ubufasha mu guhangana n’ibibazo bibera mu bucuruzi.
Kugenda gake mu mpinduka zo ku isoko
Ikirere cy’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda kirahindagurika. Hari n’ibindi bihindagurika nk’ikoranabuhanga, ibyo abakiliya bifuza n’imiterere y’ubukungu. Ibigo byinshi bihirima bitewe no kutamenya guhangana n’impinduka ku isoko.
Abacuruzi bagirwa inama yo guhorana amakuru mashya yazamura ubucuruzi bwabo, guhanga udushya mu bihe bitandukanye no kugira umutima wakira ibitekerezo bitandukanye bigasuzumwa.
Hora usuzuma imikorere yawe ku isoko ndetse abakiliya bubahwe igihe cyose. Ni ngombwa kandi kwihanganira impinduka mu bucuruzi no kugira umurongo w’ubuzima mwiza.
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