Perezida w’u Burusiya, Vladimir Putin, kuri uyu wa 22 Ukwakira 2024 aratangiza inama y’umuryango BRICS uhuza ibihugu byiyemeje kwishakamo ibisubizo, bitishingikirije ku biva muri Amerika n’i Burayi.
Iyi nama ibera mu mujyi wa Kazan uri mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’u Burusiya iritabirwa n’abahagarariye ibihugu 20 birimo ibisanzwe muri uyu muryango, ibyasabye kuwinjiramo n’ibyasabwe kuwinjiramo.
BRICS ni impine y’ibihugu bitanu byahoze muri uyu muryango: Brazil, u Burusiya, u Buhinde, u Bushinwa na Afurika y’Epfo. Iherutse kwinjiramo ibindi bine: Misiri, Ethiopia, Iran na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu.
Ni umuryango ufite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu mpuzamahanga kuko wihariye 37,4% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’Isi yose. Ibi byatumye abayobozi bawo bagaragaza ko ukwiye kwishakamo ibisubizo binyuze mu gushyiraho inzego z’imari zawo bwite.
U Burusiya bwazanye iki gitekerezo bwagaragaje ko mu gihe BRICS itashyiraho inzego nk’izi zishyigikira imishinga y’iterambere, ibihugu byo muri Amerika n’i Burayi bizakomeza kugenga ubukungu bwa bimwe mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango.
Bitewe n’icyizere cy’ahazaza heza BRICS itanga, ibindi bihugu birimo Repubulika ya Congo ihagararirwa na Perezida Denis Sassou-Nguesso muri iyi nama, Argentine, Thailand na Vietnam byagaragaje ko byifuza kuyinjiramo.
Leta y’u Burusiya isobanura ko ibihugu 30 bishaka kwinjira muri uyu muryango cyangwa se bikagirana na wo ubufatanye bwa hafi. Bimwe muri byo biritabira iyi nama.
Uko BRICS yavutse
Uyu muryango wavukiye mu mujyi wa Yekaterinburg muri Kamena 2009, hashingiwe ku gitekerezo cyatanzwe na Dmitry Medvedev wayoboraga u Burusiya. Ni na bwo habaye inama ya mbere y’abakuru b’ibihugu bine byawutangije; Brazil, u Bushinwa, u Buhinde n’u Burusiya.
Icyo gihe, abakuru b’ibihugu byahuje intego nyamukuru yo guteza imbere ubufatanye bugamije inyungu za buri ruhande, kubaka amahoro n’umutekano birambye no gushakira hamwe ibisubizo ku bibangamiye urwego mpuzamahanga rw’imari n’ubukungu.
Mu 2013, umusaruro mbumbe w’ibihugu bitanu byari bigize BRICS wari 27% by’uwo ku Isi yose. Ufite abaturage miliyari 2,88 bangana na 42% by’abatuye kuri uyu mubumbe wose na 26% by’ubutaka bwo ku Isi yose.
Uteganya gushyiraho ubufatanye buhuza amabanki bushyiraho ikigega gitanga inguzanyo mu mafaranga yemeranyijweho, hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere ry’ibihugu biwugize.
Ikindi, hashingiwe ku myanzuro yafatiwe mu nama ya BRICS yabereye muri Brazil muri Nyakanga 2024, uyu muryango washyizeho banki nshya itsura amajyambere n’ikigega cyihariye; byombi bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 200 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Mu gihe ushyiraho ingamba zawo bwite zo kwiteza imbere, ibihugu biwugize byasabye ko inzego z’imari zirimo Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari, IMF, bihabwa ubushobozi bwisumbuyeho kugira ngo bigire uruhare rufatika mu gukemura ibibangamiye Isi.
Umusaruro mbumbe uzatumbagira
Umusaruro mbumbe wa BRICS wazamuwe cyane n’ibihugu byayinjiyemo mu mpera za 2023, bisanzwe byihagazeho mu bukungu bw’Isi nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu.
Minisiteri y’Ubukungu ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu igaragaza ko mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, umusaruro mbumbe w’iki gihugu wageze kuri miliyari 117 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
BRICS itegereje kwakira ikindi gihugu gifite ubukungu bukomeye bushingiye ku bucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Icyo ni Arabie Saoudite, ifite umusaruro mbumbe wa miliyari 2.726 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Turukiya isanzwe mu muryango NATO w’ibihugu bihuriye ku nyanja ya Atlantique, na yo yagaragaje icyifuzo cyo kwinjira muri BRICS ndetse ni kimwe mu bihugu byatumiwe mu nama ya Kazan.
Ni igihugu kiri ku mwanya wa 17 mu bikize ku Isi nk’uko Banki y’Isi ibyemeza, umusaruro mbumbe wacyo ukaba ugeze kuri miliyari 1.100 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Ku muryango usanzwe ufite umusaruro mbumbe uri ku gipimo cya 37,4% cy’uw’Isi yose (miliyari 60.000 z’amadolari), bigaragara ko mu gihe ibihugu nka Arabie Saoudite na Turukiya byawiyungaho, ubukungu bwawo buzatumbagira.
Perezida Putin tariki ya 15 Ukwakira 2024 yatangaje ko igipimo cy’umusaruro mbumbe wa BRICS ku rwego rw’Isi cyamaze kurenga icy’ihuriro ry’ibihugu birindwi bikize (G7).
Umwaka wa 2023 warangiye umusaruro mbumbe wa G7 ugeze kuri 29,3% by’uw’Isi yose, bikaba biteganyijwe ko muri uyu mwaka wa 2024 uzazamukaho 1,7%, mu gihe muri rusange uw’Isi ushobora kuzamukaho 3,2%.
Perezida Putin yagaragaje ko ubukungu bwa BRICS bufite umuvuduko urenze uw’Isi muri rusange, na G7, kuko bushobora kuzamukaho 4% muri uyu mwaka wa 2024.
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