Mu gihe intambara ikomeje kuyogoza ibintu mu gihugu cya Ukraine, benshi batewe impungenge n’ibyo uburusiya bushobora gukora bikaba byagira isi yose umuyonga kubera uburemere bw’intwaro kirimbuzi iki gihugu gifite.
Mu gihe Uburusiya buri kurwana muri Ukraine, Perezida Vladimir Putin aherutse gutangaza ko intwaro kirimbuzi z’iki gihugu zitegurwa bidasanzwe ndetse anasaba n’ibindi bihugu bizifite kuzitegura ibintu benshi byateye ubwoba ko bashobora kuba bagiye kuzirwanisha.
Ariko abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibyo yavuze byaba ari nko kuburira ibindi bihugu kwirinda kwivanga muri Ukraine, aho kugira ubushake koko bwo gukoresha izo ntwaro. Intwaro kirimbuzi ubu zimaze imyaka hafi 80 ziriho kandi ibihugu byinshi bizibona nk’intwaro yo kwiyizeza umutekano wabyo.
Uburusiya bufite intwaro kirimbuzi zingahe?
Imibare yose y’intwaro kirimbuzi ni igenekereza, ariko ikigo Federation of American Scientists kivuga ko Uburusiya bufite imitwe y’intwaro kirimbuzi (warheads) 5,977 – nubwo aho harimo izigera ku 1,500 zitagishobora gukoreshwa ahubwo zigomba kwangizwa.
‘Warheads’ ni ibyuma bibika ubumara kirimbuzi butuma habaho guturika gukomeye, ari nabyo biraswa n’ibindi byabugenewe. Mu zisaga 4,500 nyinshi zifatwa nk’intwaro z’ingenzi – zimwe muri zo zishobora kuraswa mu ntera ya kure cyane.
Izisigaye ni ntoya, z’ubushobozi kirimbuzi buto, ziraswa hafi nko ku rugamba cyangwa mu nyanja. Gusa ibi ntibisobanuye ko Uburusiya bufite misile kirimbuzi ibihumbi ziraswa kure ziteguye kuraswa.
‘Warheads’ zigera ku 1,588 nizo zisanzwe “zaroherejwe” aho zishobora gukoreshwa, nk’uko inzobere zibivuga, ibyo bivuze ko ziri ku bigo bya bombe na za misile cyangwa ku mato yo munsi mu nyanja.
Ibihugu icyenda ku isi nibyo bifite intwaro kirimbuzi: Ubushinwa, Ubufaransa, Ubuhinde, Israel, Korea ya Ruguru, Pakistan, Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika.
Ubushinwa, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya, Amerika n’Ubwongereza biri mu bihugu 191 byasinye amasezerano yo kutongera ikorwa ry’izindi ntwaro kirimbuzi azwi nka Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
Muri ayo masezerano, bagomba kugabanya ‘warheads’ kirimbuzi bafite mu bubiko, kandi mu magambo, biyemeje kuzica burundu.
Aya masezerano yagabanyije umubare w’izo ntwaro ibyo bihugu byari bifite kuva mu myaka ya 1970 na 80. Ubuhinde, Israel na Pakistan ntibyigeze bijya muri ayo masezerano ya NPT – Korea ya Ruguru nayo yayavuyemo mu 2003.
Israel nicyo gihugu cyonyine muri biriya icyenda kitigeze cyemeza gahunda yacyo yo gukora intwaro kirimbuzi – ariko cyemeje ko gifite ‘warheads’ kirimbuzi. Ukraine nta ntwaro kirimbuzi ifite kandi, nubwo ibishinjwa na Perezida Putin, nta gihamya ko yigeze igerageza kuzitunga.
Ese izi ntwaro zifite ubushobozi bwo kurimbura koko?
Intwaro kirimbuzi zikozwe mu buryo bwo gusenya by’ikirenga. Urwego rwo gusenya zigezaho guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye birimo;
- ingano y’umutwe w’intwaro (warhead)
- ubutumburuke yaturikiyeho uvuye ku butaka
- imiterere y’aho yarashwe
Gusa na ‘warhead’ nto kurusha izindi ishobora gutera imfu nyinshi n’ingaruka nini mu gihe kizaza.
Bomb kirimbuzi yishe abantu basaga 146,000 i Hiroshima mu Buyapani mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi, yapimaga kilotoni 15 (1kt = 1,000t)
Kandi ‘warheads’ zo muri iki gihe zishobora kugira kilotoni zirenga 1,000. Ni nkaho nta kintu cyarokoka ahantu haturikiye igisasu kirimbuzi.
Nyuma y’umurabyo uhuma amaso, hakurikira ikibumbe kinini cy’umuriro, no guturika guhamba gushobora gusenya inyubako zikomeye, n’ibikorwa remezo mu ntera ya kilometero nyinshi.
Ingingo yo kugira intwaro nyinshi kirimbuzi ni iyo kugira ubushobozi bwo gusenya burundu umwanzi bityo ntabe yatekereza kugutera.
Ijambo rizwi cyane rikoreshwa kuri ibi ni; “kubasha gusenyurana” cyangwa ‘mutually assured destruction’ (Mad). Nubwo habayeho kugerageza kenshi ibisasu kirimbuzi no guhora bahindura imiterere yabyo n’ingufu zo gusenya, izi ntwaro ntizirakoreshwa na rimwe mu mirwano ya gisirikare kuva mu 1945.
Politiki y’Uburusiya yemera ko izi ntwaro zigenewe gusa “kwirinda”, ikavuga ahantu hane (4) gusa zakoreshwa, habayeho:
- kurasa misile iraswa kure itumbere ubutaka bw’Uburusiya cyangwa inshuti zabwo
- gukoresha intwaro kirimbuzi cyangwa izindi ntwaro z’ubwicanyi bukomeye ku Burusiya cyangwa inshuti zabwo
- igitero gikomeye ku kigo cya leta cyangwa cya gisirikare cy’Uburusiya gihungabanya ubushobozi bwabo bw’ingufu kirimbuzi
- gushotora Uburusiya ukoresheje intwaro zisanzwe zemewe mu gihe kubaho kw’igihugu bigeramiwe
Dukwiye kugira impungenge? Ibyago by’intambara kirimbuzi byariyongereye ariko kuba ishoboka byo biracyari hasi.
Umunyamakuru wa BBC wandika ku by’intambara Gordon Corera yavuze ko nubwo ibyavuzwe na Putin byaba ari ukuburira gusa bitarimo ubushake bwa nyabwo bwo gukoresha izo ntwaro, buri gihe hari ubwoba ko uruhande rumwe rwibeshya ku byo urundi rutekereza, ibintu bikagera kure.
Ben Wallace, minisitiri w’ingabo w’Ubwongereza, yabwiye BBC ko nta mpinduka barabona ku miterere isanzwe y’intwaro kirimbuzi z’Uburusiya. Iby’izo ntwaro bikurikiranirwa hafi, nk’uko inzego z’ubutasi zibivuga.
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