Mu minsi yashize abanyeshuri b’abakobwa bo mu kigo cya Groupe Scolaire Rambura Fille iherereye mu karere ka Nyabihu batewe n’indwara yo kugenda bameze nk’ababyina cg se bidunda.
Benshi bibajije kuri iyi ndwara, bamwe bayita amadayimoni, abandi imirire mibi, gusa iba amayobera kugeza aho umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubuvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe muri ministeri y’ubuzima, Bwana Dr Jean Damascene Iyamuremye atangarije ko ari indwara yo mu mutwe, hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byabonetse ari iyo bita “Mass Hysteria” aho umuntu agira ikibazo mu mutwe ariko ibimenyetso bikagaragarira ku mubiri.
Mass psychogenic illness (MPI) epidemic hysteria cg se mass hysteria (soma: hisiteriya) ni indwara yibasira abantu bari mu itsinda (cg agatsiko) rimwe, aho batangira gutekereza ko bashobora kuba bibasiwe n’ikintu gikomeye nk’icyorezo cg uburozi. Irangwa no kugira ibimenyetso rusange mu bantu bari ahantu hamwe, biba biturutse mu kwivaga kw’imikorere y’ubwonko n’urwungano rwabwo (nervous system).
Uku kuvangirwa guhindura byinshi ku mikorere isanzwe nko; kwishima birenze, gukora ibintu bidasanzwe no gutakaza imikorere y’ibice bimwe na bimwe bigaragarira ku mubiri.
Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara?
Mass hysteria kugeza ubu ni indwara idafitweho ubumenyi buhagije n’inzobere, akaba ari nayo mpamvu bigoye kumenya ibiyiranga no kuyivura (kuko nta mikorobe yaba bagiteri cg se virusi iyitera).
Umuhanga mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe w’umwongereza Dr Simon Wesseley yabashije kuyishyira mu byiciro 2:
Mass anxiety hysteria: irangwa no kwigunga, ikaba igaragara cyane mu banyeshuri. Ikwirakwira uko buri umwe arebye undi (visual contact). Ntisaba ko hari icyayiteye (absence of prior tension)
Mass motor hysteria: iyi irangwa n’ingendo idasanzwe. Ishobora kuba ku bantu bose, igaragaza ibimenyetso kandi ikagenda ikwirakwira gahoro gahoro, yewe ikaba yanamara igihe kirekire. Iyi yo isaba ko hari ikiba cyayiteye (prior tension)
Ku yagaragaye ku banyeshuri ba Rambura Fille, twavuga ko ari mass motor hysteria, kimwe mu byayiteye akaba ari stress.
Ibimenyetso rusange bikunze kugaragara:
- Kuribwa umutwe
- Kuzungera
- Iseseme
- Kuribwa mu nda
- Kumva urushye no gucika intege muri rusange
- Guhumeka bigoranye
Ingimbi n’abangavu kimwe n’abana nibo bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara.
Ahanini bivugwa ko ari ukubera bo biba byoroshye ko bahora mu matsinda, ahari abandi bana benshi bitandukanye n’abakuru (kuko bo bakunze kuba ari bonyine) ndetse no kuba abato ari bo bagira cyane amavamutima mabi (nk’ubwoba, kwiheba, kwigunga, umujinya n’ibindi) bitandukanye n’uko umuntu mukuru yashobora kubicunga.
Mass hysteria yandura ite?
Mass psychogenic illness ni indwara itangaje, ihangayikisha kandi igaca igikuba. Ahanini itijwe umurindi n’itangazamakuru n’abandi benshi baba bayivugaho bituma irushaho kwiyongera.
Kuba wabona cg se wakumva uyirwaye birahagije ngo nawe uhite uyandura.
Ni iki cyakubwira ko uburwayi buhari ari mass psychogenic illness?
Bimeze kimwe nk’ibyabaye ku banyeshuri ba Rambura Filles. Ibimenyetso bikurikira birahagije ngo umenye ubu burwayi:
- Mu gusuzuma neza ibipimo byose biza bisanzwe
- Nta burozi cg se ikindi gihumanya gisangwa kenshi aho ibyo bintu byabereye
- Abantu benshi bararwara, ariko ikibarwaza kikabura.
Iyi ndwara mu mateka
Iyi ndwara yagiye igaragara cyane mu mateka ahantu hatandukanye
Mu 1518, mu mugi wa Strasbourg mu Bufaransa, umugore umwe yahagaze mu muhanda atangira kubyina, nta muziki nta kindi ari kumva, abamubonye bavugaga ko yasaze, gusa byarangiye n’abandi bose bari kubyina bidasanzwe, ku buryo nyuma y’iminsi 36 byari bimaze gukwira henshi. Byiswe “the dancing plague”
Mu 1962, mu gihugu cya Tanzania ikizwi nka “Tanganyika laughter Epidemic” aho umwana umwe w’umunyeshuri yifashe agatangira guseka, bikagenda bikwirakwira mu bandi, kuko byageze ku bigo 14 n’abantu barenga 1000. Muri uko guseka badahagarara bivugwa ko hari abagejeje iminsi 16 bagiseka. Uretse guseka, abanyeshuri benshi bagaragaje ibimenyetso byo kwiruka cyane ndetse no kurwana. Byatumye ibigo bimwe na bimwe bifunga muri icyo gihe.
Mu 1965, ku ishuri ryo mu mugi wa Blackburn, mu Bwongereza, abanyeshuri benshi b’abakobwa batangiye kugira ikibazo cyo kuzungera, abandi bakikubita hasi. Mu masaha macye abarenga 80 bari bamaze gufatwa. Gusa mu gupimwa nta ndwara nimwe mu mubiri babonye.