Impuguke zakomeje gutanga umuburo ku ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli ryangiza ikirere, bikaba impamvu nyamukuru y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe iteza amapfa, imyuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’inkongi zibasira amashyamba.
Mu gihe hatekerezwa uko aho bishoboka hose abantu bajya bakoresha ubundi buryo bakareka kwifashisha ibikomoka kuri Peteroli, uko “plastiques” zakorwa hatifashishijwe ibikomoka kuri Peteroli biracyari ingorabahizi.
Nibura 14% bya Peteroli icukurwa buri mwaka, yifashishwa mu ikorwa rya ‘plastiques’.
Bibarwa ko ‘plastiques’ zihariye 3.4% (toni miliyari 1.8) by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ni ijanisha riri hejuru ugereranyije n’indege zibarirwa 1.9%, naho ubwato bukabarirwa 1.7%.
Urebye uburyo ‘plastiques’ zihumanya ikirere, 60% bituruka ku ikorwa ryazo, 29% bikava mu kuzikwirakwiza, naho 11% bituruka ku buryo bwo kuzijugunya nyuma yo gukoreshwa.
Ku rundi ruhande, habarwa ko nibura ibikoresho 6,000 nkenerwa buri munsi mu mibereho ya muntu, bikorwa hifashishijwe ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ibyo byiganjemo ibikoreshwa mu ngo no muri serivisi z’ubuvuzi.
Nubwo kumenya neza ingano ya ‘plastiques’ zikoreshwa mu buvuzi bigoye, inyigo nyinshi zagiye zigaragaza ko 30% by’imyanda yose ituruka mu rwego rw’ubuzima iba igizwe na ‘plastiques’; naho kimwe cya gatatu cy’imyanda iva ku buryo abarwayi barembye bitabwaho (intensive care) iba igizwe na ‘plastiques’.
Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byahisemo uburyo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya ‘plastiques’, hagashyirwaho uburyo bundi busimbura aho zakoreshwaga.
Nk’u Rwanda rwashyize ingufu mu guca ikoreshwa rya ‘plastiques’ zipfunyikwamo inshuro imwe, zigasimbuzwa ibindi bibora nk’impapuro.
Hagaragazwa ko 40% bya ‘plastiques’ zingana na toni miliyoni 450 zikorwa buri mwaka, zikoreshwa mu gupfunyika.
Byumvikane ko habaye hari ibihugu byinshi byimakaje ingamba nk’izo u Rwanda rwafashe, byatanga umusanzu ufatika mu kugabanya ikoreshwa rya ‘plastiques’, hirindwa kwangiza ikirere.
Ariko se ubuzima budakoresha ‘plastiques’ burashoboka?
Nubwo guhagarika izo ‘plastiques’ zikoreshwa rimwe gusa bishoboka, guhagarika ikoreshwa ryazo mu buvuzi bisa n’ibikiri kure cyane.
Urwego rw’ubuvuzi rwo ubu ni bwo rurushaho gushyira agatege mu gukoresha ‘plastiques’ zifashishwa inshuro imwe gusa. Ibi bituma ya ntambwe imaze gushyirwa mu guhagarika ikoreshwa rimwe rya ‘plastiques’ itagira umusaruro ufatika itanga.
Hagereranywa ko mu 2050 ‘plastiques’ zizaba zimaze kuba nyinshi mu Nyanja kurusha amafi.
Imyanda ya ‘plastiques’ ijugunywa mu bimoteri, iyo imaze imyaka myinshi itangira gusohora ibinyabutabire bya “ethylene” na “methane” bihumanya ikirere nibura inshuro 84 ugereranyije n’uko cyahumanywa n’umwuka wa dioxyde de carbone mu gihe cy’imyaka 20.
Imibare igaragaza ko ‘plastiques’ zisubizwa mu nganda zigakorwamo ibindi bikoresho (recycling) zingana na 9% gusa.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 90% by’inyoni zo mu mazi, na 52% by’utunyamasyo twaho byisanga byariye ibirimo ‘plastiques’. Ni mu gihe izirenga miliyoni muri izo nyoni n’inyamabere zirenga ibihumbi 100 zo mu Nyanja bipfa buri mwaka kubera ingaruka za ‘plastiques’.
Haracyibazwa uko mu buvuzi hazakoreshwa ibindi bikoresho bitari ‘plastiques’, ariko kubona mu ngo hatakiba ‘plastiques’ nabyo ntibyakwitegwa vuba.
Kuva ku buroso bw’amenyo kugeza ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni, usanga ibyinshi mu bikoresho nkenerwa mu ngo bikozwe muri ‘plastiques’.
Imbaraga zizakomeza gushyirwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka za ‘plastiques’ ku bidukikijed n’ikirere, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ryazo. Kuba abantu babaho batazikoresha, birasa n’idashobora kwitegwa none cyangwa ejo.
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